服务准备
配置相同的三个服务：IP:8001 、 IP:8002 、 IP:8003
修改nginx配置文件
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf1.配置upstream，在 http {}里 新增 upstream 指向你启动的那三个后端服务。
upstream [起一个自己容易辨识的名字:webname]{
server IP:8001;
server IP:8002;
server IP:8003;
}
2.在 server {} 里添加一个location，并且配置 proxy_pass，（注意不要有同名的 比如已经有一个 location / 了，你再添加重启Nginx就会报错）
location / {
#转发到负载服务上
proxy_pass http://webname;
}
完整配置如下：
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
upstream webname{
server IP:8001;
server IP:8002;
server IP:8003;
}
server {
listen 9600;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
# location / {
#root html;
#index index.html index.htm;
#}
location / {
#转发到负载服务上
proxy_pass http://webname;
}
# location /test/api2 {
# #转发到负载服务上
# proxy_pass http://webservers;
# }
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
3.重载配置
# 重新加载（要到Nginx安装目录执行）
./nginx -s reload
# 重新启动服务 (如果你添加了服务)
systemctl restart nginx.service
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
负载均衡配置
ip_hash
每个请求按访问IP的hash结果进行分配，这样每个访客就可以固定访问一个后端服务，一定程度上可以解决session问题；
upstream webname {
ip_hash;
server IP:8001;
server IP:8002;
server IP:8003;
}
weight
weight代表权重，默认为1，权重越高，被分配的客户端请求就会越多
upstream webname {
server IP:8001 weight=6;
server IP:8002 weight=3;
server IP:8003 weight=1;
}
fair（第三方）
按后端服务器的响应时间来分配请求，响应时间短的将会被优先分配
upstream webname {
server IP:8001;
server IP:8002;
server IP:8003;
fair;
}
url_hash
按访问URL的hash结果分配。这样相同的url会被分配到同一个节点，主要为了提高缓存命中率。比如，为了提高访问性能，服务端有大量数据或者资源文件需要被缓存。使用这种策略，可以节省缓存空间，提高缓存命中率
upstream webname {
hash &request_uri;
server IP:8001;
server IP:8002;
server IP:8003;
}
least_conn
按节点连接数分配，把请求优先分配给连接数少的节点。该策略主要为了解决，各个节点请求处理时间长短不一造成某些节点超负荷的情况。
upstream webname {
least_conn;
server IP:8001;
server IP:8002;
server IP:8003;
}
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